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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963217
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Individual Risk of Fetal Loss Following Routine Second Trimester Amniocentesis: A Controlled Study of 20 460 Cases
Individuelles Risiko für Schwangerschaftsverlust nach Routineamniozentese im 2. Trimenon: Eine kontrollierte Studie von 20 460 FällenPublication History
received: 13.12.2006
accepted: 16.4.2007
Publication Date:
29 June 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss maternaler Risikofaktoren auf die Erhöhung der fetalen Verlustrate durch eine Amniozentese zu evaluieren. Material und Methoden: Wir haben einen Vergleich von 20 460 Patienten nach Amniozentese und 11 017 Patientinnen, die nur eine Ultraschalluntersuchung erhalten haben, bezüglich des Schwangerschaftsausgangs und der Risikofaktoren für spontanen Schwangerschaftsverlust durchgeführt. Die Risikofaktoren wurden vor Amniozentese erfragt. Spontaner Schwangerschaftsverlust wurde definiert als Spontanabort oder intrauteriner Fruchttod zu jedwedem Schwangerschaftszeitpunkt. Ergebnisse: Die Erhöhung der fetalen Verlustrate durch die Amniozentese betrug im Durchschnitt 0,49 % (KI: 0,26 - 0,72) für alle Routineschwangerschaften (1,31 % 268/20 460 versus 0,82 % 90/11 017). In der Amniozentesegruppe war die Spontanverlustrate bei folgenden Risikofaktoren erhöht: Vaginale Blutung vor Amniozentese (19/647, 2,9 % KI: 1,6 - 4,2 %); vaginale Blutung zum Zeitpunkt der Amniozentese (3/33, 9,1 % KI: - 0,7 - 18,9 %); Vorgeschichte von 3 oder mehr Aborten (6/257, 2,3 % KI: 0,5 - 4,2 %); Bodymass-Index > 40 (5/160, 3,1 % KI: 0,4 - 5,8 %) und Zigarettenkonsum von > 10/Tag (13/671, 1,94 % KI: 0,9 - 3,0). Wenn keiner dieser Risikofaktoren vorlag, betrug die Spontanverlustrate in der Amniozentesegruppe 1,18 % (219/18 617) und 0,63 % (61/9,677) in der Kontrollgruppe. Ein mütterliches Alter > 40 bei Geburt beeinflusste die Verlustrate in der Amniozentesegruppe nicht, wohl aber in der Kontrollgruppe (1,4 % 38/2717 and 1,69 % 7/414). Schlussfolgerung: Nach Routineamniozentese haben Patientinnen ein zusätzliches, eingriffsbezogenes Risiko für einen spontanen Schwangerschaftsverlust von 0,5 %. Das Fehlen von Risikofaktoren in der Patientinnenvorgeschichte vermindert dieses Risiko nicht.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal risk factors on excess fetal loss related to amniocentesis. Materials and Methods: We compared fetal outcome and details of risk factors for fetal loss in 20,460 patients undergoing amniocenteses between April 1997 and March 2005 to 11,017 controls given ultrasound during the same period in our tertiary level prenatal unit. The risk factors were recorded before the procedure. Spontaneous fetal loss was defined as spontaneous miscarriage and intrauterine fetal demise at any gestational age. Results: The excess rate of spontaneous loss attributed to the amniocentesis procedure averaged 0.49 % (CI: 0.26 - 0.72) for all pregnancies under routine care (1.31 % 268/20,460 versus 0.82 % 90/11,017). The fetal loss rate was increased in the intervention group for the following isolated risk factors: vaginal bleeding before procedure (19/647, 2.9 % CI: 1.6 - 4.2 %); vaginal bleeding at date of procedure (3/33, 9.1 % CI: - 0.7 - 18.9 %); a history of 3 or more spontaneous abortions (6/257, 2.3 % CI: 0.5 - 4.2 %); body mass index > 40 (5/160, 3.1 % CI: 0.4 - 5.8 %) and cigarette consumption > 10/day (13/671, 1.94 % CI: 0.9 - 3.0). If none of these risk factors was present, the abortion rate in the intervention group was 1.18 % (219/18,617) and 0.63 % (61/9,677) in the control group. Maternal age > 40 at birth did not alter the rate of loss in the intervention group, but did in the control group (1.4 % 38/2,717 and 1.69 % 7/414). Conclusion: After routine amniocentesis patients have an additional procedure-related risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss equivalent to 0.5 %. The absence of risk factors in the patient’s history does not reduce this additional risk.
Key words
Amniocentesis - abortion - risk - vaginal bleeding - smoking
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